Religon Essay Example For Students

Religon Essay Home: Religion An assessment of the topic of the perfection of Jesus ChristThe New Testament creators had no second thoughts about proclaiming that Jesus was really human and disclosing to us that Jesus submitted no transgression. Book of scriptures sections, for example, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 4:15, 1 Peter 2:22 and 1 John 3:5 observer that He Jesus didn't surrender to enticement, nor abuse the ethical guidelines of God, nor was He conflicting with the idea of his character. That is, Jesus was pure. It is fundamental to our philosophy that Jesus was immaculate. For just if Jesus was pure could His demise have been a vicarious replacement and satisfy Gods redemptive arrangement for man. On the off chance that Jesus had not been righteous, at that point it would imply that He kicked the bucket for His own wrongdoings and not those of humankind. Had Jesus kicked the bucket for His own transgressions then His passing couldn't have been acknowledged by the Father as a vicariously re placement for the discipline and judgment every one of us are qualified for get. Despite the fact that there is no genuine discussion that Jesus was definitely not blameless, scholars have examined the subject of whether Jesus could have trespassed in the event that He had needed. This is known as the peccability of Christ. The restricting contention, i.e., flawlessness, being that regardless of whether He had needed, Jesus couldn't have trespassed. Upon first thought, one may see this inquiry as being inconsequential; something to just keep the scholars out of evil when they don't have anything better to do. Be that as it may, there are some extremely proper purposes behind inspecting this issue. The main motivation to inspect the issue of Christs peccability/flawlessness is with the goal that we may acquire a superior understanding and a more top to bottom information about both Jesus Christ and God, similarly as God has welcomed us. This is a similar explanation that we study The ology legitimate. At the point when we show up at a response to this inquiry, we will have extra information about Jesus preincarnate state and a superior comprehension of the importance of the announcement Jesus Christ is a similar yesterday, today, and everlastingly . Second, a few scholars have contended that the peccability of Jesus directly affects the mankind of Christ. That is, on the off chance that Jesus was not peccable, at that point exactly how human right? Might he be able to have been genuine man on the off chance that he couldn't sin like the remainder of humankind? (Note: this is an issue of whether Christ could have trespassed; not that Christ needed to have trespassed so as to be human.) Morris in a roundabout way inquires as to whether Jesus perfection inferred that he was inadequate with regards to a piece of the human condition that the remainder of humankind have, viz., the cognizance of past wrongdoing? If so, Christ might not have been genuinely human since h e just took on the vast majority of the characteristics of human instinct yet protected himself from the cognizance of wrongdoing. Third, Sahl discloses to us that the virgin birth, the Incarnation, and the hypostatic association, are completely impacted by the perfection of Jesus Christ . Accordingly, in the event that we are to have a full comprehension of these regulations, we have to contemplate the subject of Christs peccability/flawlessness. Fourth, a comprehension of the peccability/flawlessness of Jesus Christ will affect our comprehension of heavenly attendants all in all and Lucifer/Satan specifically . That is, by looking at the peccability/perfection of Jesus (and the related issue of the temptability of Jesus) we will come to have a superior comprehension of the domain of holy messengers, particularly the fallen heavenly attendants. Moreover, by looking at the enticements that Satan makes to Christ, we will likewise have a more profound familiarity with the forces of Sa tan and his supporters. Fifth, on the grounds that the Bible discloses to us that Jesus didn't sin, the subject of Jesus peccability or flawlessness will affect scriptural inerrancy and uprightness. As Sahl states, in the event that it is conceivable that the Lord Jesus Christ could surrender to or be deluded by wrongdoing, at that point one should likewise reason that it is workable for Him to have given incorrect data about unceasing things when He was developing in shrewdness and height and favor with God and man . Lastly, Christs peccability/perfection will affect the triumph over enticement and sin that the Redeemer achieved . For in the event that it was unimaginable for Jesus to have at any point trespassed, at that point it is surely an honor triumph: there was no possibility of his ever not winning the fight. Subsequently, the triumph is an extremely quiet point and brings up the issue if the triumph has any genuine effect on humanity under these conditions. In this manner, we can see that the peccability or flawlessness of Jesus is more than essentially a scholarly discussion. The result of such a discussion could have broad ramifications on our view and information on God, our regulation of the mankind of Jesus, the tenets of the virgin birth, the Incarnation and the hypostatic association, our religious philosophy of angelology, the subject of scriptural inerrancy and respectability lastly, our perspective on Jesus triumph over allurement and sin. I might now want to go to the contentions for the peccability of Jesus, i.e., Jesus could have trespassed on the off chance that he had needed to sin. As expressed before, a positive aftereffect of this examination doesn't suggest that Jesus needed to have trespassed during his natural life. Just that it was workable for Jesus to have trespassed. Our first contention that Jesus was peccable focuses on the topic of the allurements of Jesus. Charles Hodge has been cited as summing up this educating in these words: This purity of our Lord, in any case, doesn't add up to total perfection. It was anything but a non strong peccare. In the event that He was a genuine man, He more likely than not been equipped for erring. That he didn't sin under the best incitement is held up to us for instance. Allurement suggests the chance of wrongdoing . Sahl states this as though an individual has no vulnerability to sin or if sin has no intrigue for him, the allurement is a joke . To put it plainly, this implies if Jesus was not fit for being enticed by transgression and fit for erring and afterward He was not really human. For temptability and the capacity to sin are a piece of being human. So as to completely comprehend and react to this contention dependent on temptability we should inspect the idea of temptability. Sahl contends that the issue with this contention is that we have a confusion of the idea of temptability. In particular, he says, the Greek word to entice doesn't intend to instigate underhanded. The word intends to attempt, make a preliminary of, put under serious scrutiny to imply the difficult purposefully to find what of good or shrewdness, of intensity or shortcoming was in someone or something, or to have an intrigue. In such manner, Sahl infers that the allurements of Christ were genuine: Christ confronted genuine difficulties in the desert where he demonstrated the decency that was in Him and furthermore in the Garden of Gethsemani and on Calvary where he showed His capacity. Towns takes note of that temptability might be characterized as Generally comprehended as the temptation of an individual to submit sin by offering some appearing allure. In this sense our immaculate Redeemer was completely untemptible and flawless. That is, on the grounds that Jesus was God and had the traits of God, there was nothing that Jesus could be tempted to have or get. Along these lines, he was unable to be enticed. Notwithstanding, on the contrary side of the inquiry, Tow ns likewise takes note of that the idea of Christs enticement was that He was approached to do the things He could do and the things He needed: the aftereffects of which would have originated from doing what Satan inquired. The idea of His allurement was the way that He as God was enticed to do the things He could do. The things Christ is approached to do give off an impression of being legitimate solicitations . Thusly, on the grounds that Satan requested that Christ do the things he was prepared to do, e.g., going stones to bread, and so on., we can see that the allurements Christ confronted were genuine. In any case, the enticements Jesus confronted were not the same as those other men would suffer; Jesus was attempted as no other was ever attempted. Added to the idea of the enticement itself was the more noteworthy affectability of Christ . It is conceivable that a definitive and most extreme enticement of Jesus came in the Garden of Gethsemani. Here Jesus was enticed to relinqu ish the arrangement of God and to let this cup go from me (Matthew 26:39). Plainly, Jesus experienced more awful allurements than we do. Consequently, the enticements Christ confronted were genuine absolutely on the grounds that they were trial of and preliminaries to His capacity. That is, the point at which the Bible discloses to us Jesus was enticed it suggests He was enticed in the entirety of His reasoning, wants (feelings) and dynamic capacity. Christ was enticed in all aspects of His being as an individual is enticed in all aspects of human instinct . Another point we should recollect in contesting the contention of peccability from temptability is that compulsion to sin doesn't require defenselessness to sin . The inconceivable can generally be endeavored. While achievement may not be likely, or the endeavor might be unfeasible this doesn't all by itself imply that such an endeavor is impossible. Walvoord states while the allurement might be genuine, there might be limitless capacity to oppose that enticement and if the force is boundless, the individual is immaculate . For instance, Walvoord cites Shedds case of a military: it isn't right to state that in light of the fact that a military can't be vanquished, it can't be assaulted. There is additionally Biblical proof that Jesus was genuinely enticed as we read in Hebrews for we don't have a devout minister who can't feel for our shortcoming, yet one who was enticed inside and out that we are (4:15). In outline then we can see that the contention of Jesus Christs peccability can't be bolstered by the enticement contention. For one to be enticed doesn't really suggest that one must be vulnerable to the allurement. Moreover, Jesus was enticed in each part of the term. Valid, His enticements were not the same as those we experience, however they were none the less genuine allurements. Lastly, in light of the fact that Jesus was enticed doesn't suggest that He was fit for wrongdoing. It is workable for Sa tan to attempt the inconceivable, i.e., entice Jesus, despite the fact that there is no

The Problem with Optimism in Habral and Voltaire :: Free Essays Online

The Problem with Optimism in Habral and Voltaire Bohumil Hrabal’s I Served The King of England follows Ditie, a vertically tested lodging table attendant, through his encounters and experiences, which, in actuality, modify his ways of thinking about existence. In an eighteenth century equal, French comedian Voltaire takes his title character, Candide on a long, dangerous excursion that outcomes in a comparative move in convictions. Distinctively, Ditie is like Candide, the two men are very naã ¯ve naturally and everlastingly idealistic about the universes they live in. Simply after these universes are flipped around by wars, catastrophic events, probes, and political changes, do Candide and Ditie discover that so as to be content with their lives they should â€Å"cultivate [their] garden;† [1] make an individualized way for themselves dependent on their own methods of reasoning. The equals among Candide and Ditie are generally clear toward the start of the books. The narratives of the two characters start with them living admirably in terrific habitations under genuinely great conditions. Ditie is a table attendant at the Golden Prague Hotel where, while not on the job, the staff is dealt with like visitors of a somewhat lower class. He brings in enough cash in his side business as a sausage seller that he can enjoy his adolescent dreams week by week at a neighborhood whorehouse. Candide is living in stronghold Thunder-ten-tronckh with the delightful Cunegonde, with whom he is enamored. Neither one of the boies acknowledges how little the individuals consider them. Candide is looked downward on as a second rate in light of the fact that however he was conceived of an honorable mother, she never wedded, so he is in truth a charlatan. Ditie, a lot to his later dissatisfaction is constrained by his little height. Notwithstanding these likenesses, they are both wide-peered toward little fellows, amazingly naive and anxious to please. Candide acknowledges Doctor Pangloss’ speculations of metaphysico-theologoco-cosmonology beyond a shadow of a doubt. In layman’s terms this is a strange interpretation of the conviction that everything occurs which is as it should be. Voltaire is making a humorous poke at religion just as rationalists [2] ; Candide indiscriminately follows the lessons of Doctor Pangloss, despite the fact that he doesn't completely comprehend the thoughts, as though they were words from a divine being. Ditie grants a similar deference and visually impaired confidence to his first supervisor at the Golden Prague Hotel, who reminds him to see and hear everything and nothing simultaneously.

Choosing between a career and motherhood

Choosing between a career and motherhood Today (well yesterday, since its past midnight), while browsing through the NY Times, which MIT generously provides at no cost, I came across a front page article titled, Many Women at Elite Colleges Set Career Path to Motherhood. The author, Louise Story, speaks with several female students and administrators from Ivy League schools such as Yale, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard, and Princeton. Ironically, every girl that she speaks with aspires to be a lawyer and almost all plan to stop working or only work part-time once they have children, or at least until their kids start going to school. Many of them believe that a woman must either choose a career or a family and failing to choose will only lead to mediocrity in both. In fact, 60% of interviewed students said that they planned to cut back or stop working once they have children. This staggering number may be attributed to the fact that a similar percentage of interviewed students mothers made a similar decision when they h ad children. Why must we choose? When applying to colleges, everyone strives to be well-rounded by participating in a variety of activities, from sport teams to science teams to school newspapers to volunteer work. Consequently, students enter college with a ton of experience in different fields, making them more interesting and adaptable. Cant the same be true of life in general? I have a completely different point of view from those presented in the article, probably as a result of the role models that I have had throughout my life. Throughout my time at the Tute, I have heard many female MIT PhDs and professors talk about balancing work and family life and I have always admired their ability to seemingly have it all. One of my greatest role models is my mother, who went back to work three weeks after I was born. I had a nanny who looked after me, even when my mom quit her job when I was four to start her own business from our house so that she could be with me more. Would I have been positively affected by having my mom around more when I was so young? Probably. Do I regret my mothers decision? Not at all. In any case, starting your own business is not an option for most people, though it is a convenient way to continue your career while being around your children more. On another note, many women consider taking a few years off from work until their child starts school. This seems like a very difficult option with massive repercussions on the job market. First of all, it is very competitive to find a job and being out of the loop for a few years can really reduce your marketability (especially in the technology business when things change so rapidly.) Also, employers are already weary to hire women since they know that if they got pregnant, at the very least, they would have to take a few months of maternity leave. Imagine if 60% of women in the workforce decided to leave their jobs after bearing children. Being a woman would definitely reduce your chances of getting hired because of the risk that your employer would take on by spending a lot of time and money to training you just to have you leave a few years later. I know how important it is for parents to spend time with their children. Almost everyone that I have talked to from MIT has had very encouraging and involved parents who have helped guide them in every aspect of life. Being a stay-at-home mom is an amazing way to spend the maximum amount of time with your children and I respect and have a high regard for women who have made that decision. In fact, some of the best mothers that I know have decided to make parenting their full time job. However, it upsets me to think that women my age think that ending their careers is the only way to give their children the best. There are many ways to raise a good kid and being a stay-at-home mom is only one of them. Well-educated and ambitious women seem too quick to embrace the stereotypes that seem to have been eliminated in most other areas of life. I completely agree with Peter Salovey, the dean of Yale, when he says, What does concern me is that so few students seem to be able to think outside the box; so few students seem to be able to imagine a life for themselves that isnt constructed along traditional gender roles. This leads me to a few questions, which I would love for anyone to respond to. Since this article focused on women in Ivy League schools, which I believe have a high percentage of women in the liberal arts, I would be interested in hearing the opinions of women studying science or engineering. Do you plan to put aside your career once you have children? If not (or if you are a male), do you expect your spouse to take time off of work to spend more time at home? Who has influenced your decision the most? If you are a male, do you plan on putting your career on hold once children enter the scene?

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1515 Words

1. Nick Carraway narrates the story in both first and third person. I would characterize his voice as contradictory. At some points in the novel, he disapproves of Gatsby’s actions but at other times, he seems to admire him. 2. In the very first chapter we find out that Nick believes Gatsby represents everything he scorns. However, we also learn that Nick exempts Gatsby completely from his usual judgments. 3. Nick is a young man from Minnesota who has been to war and to college. In addition, we find out that his father raised him to not judge others. This particular information is important because it helps the reader to trust that he is a reliable narrator who reserves judgment. 4. The major differences between East Egg and West Egg is that West Egg is home to the new rich (having made their fortunes recently), while East Egg is home to people who have inherited their money from ancestors. 5. Tom Buchanan is a former member of Nick’s social club at Yale and is a very powerful figure. He seems to be a white-supremacist by his interest in a book called The Rise of the Figure. Daisy Buchanan, on the other hand, seems more down-to-earth and accepting of others by the way she teases Tom about the book and â€Å"lounges† on the couch. Jordan Baker, a friend of Daisy’s, is a competitive golfer who becomes bored quite easily. She also seems to be quite dishonest throughout the novel. 6. The death of innocence is a major theme in The Great Gatsby. This theme is most visible in theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Silver Linings Playbook Character Assessment - 1208 Words

Silver Linings playbook Character Assessment The serious effects of mental illness in America have been captured brilliantly in numerous different modern day films. Silver Linings Playbook, a film directed by David Russell, follows a frustrated love story of two mentally unstable individuals. Pat Solitan, played by Bradley Cooper, is a middle aged white adult who is recovering from a failed marriage, and has just recently returned from an eight-month stay in a psychiatric hospital after attacking his ex-wife’s new lover. He returns home to his parent’s house in the suburbs of Philadelphia, where he meets Tiffany Maxwell, played by Jennifer Lawrence. Tiffany is a young, widowed white woman who has recently lost her job and has moved back in with her parents who live in the same neighborhood as the Solitano’s. The two individuals meet one night at a dinner party, and automatically click over a lighthearted dialoged about the numerous anti-psychotics that they have been placed on. Both Pat and Tiffany dis play abnormal behavior throughout the film. Their journey of dealing with their mental abnormalities is at times heart-breaking, but they are able to use one another as a support system in order to get their mental conditions under control. The two individuals display unique behaviors and personality traits that can be analyzed to meet criteria in the DSM-5 for mental disorders. It can be interpreted from the film that Pat has Bipolar Disorder, and that Tiffany hasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Silver Lining Playbook Directed By David O. Russell1354 Words   |  6 PagesSilver Lining Playbook Review In the film Silver Lining Playbook, directed by David O. Russell and starring Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, a character by the name of Pat Solatano Jr. is introduced with the bipolar disorder. Throughout the film Pat goes through life trying to deal with all the ebbs and flows that come his way, all while trying to keep his disorder in check. Have it being his interactions with family and friends, or the way he handles simple misfortunes or disagreements canRead MoreI Am A Sign Of Bipolar Disorder2137 Words   |  9 Pagesrelationship with their peers, ability to work, get an education, and function normally with a balanced mood (Bipolar Disorder,n.d). Bradley Cooper plays a middle-aged man, Patrick Solitano, who suffers from Bipolar Disorder in the movieSilver Linings Playbook. Pat went through many obstacles after a trigger set him off into a rage that landed him at a mental institution for eight months. He spent his life thinking that he just has a short fuse like his fa ther, but later into his adulthood he was diagnosedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Silver Linings Playbook 1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie Silver Linings Playbook, Bradley Cooper plays the main character Pat Solitano Jr. The movie starts off with Pat being released from a psychiatric facility. Pat’s time spent in the psychiatric facility was a plea bargain that his lawyer advised him to make. The court only mandated eight months of inpatient time, and against the will of the doctors in the facility, his mother is discharging him because she thinks that eight months is sufficient time for Pat to become well. On the driveRead MoreThes Diagnosis Of Bipolar Disorder1912 Words   |  8 PagesDiagnostic Assessment: Silver Linings Playbook’s main character appears to be your average man. He comes off as one who may have a steady job that provides him with a reasonable salary, a wife, and possibly a growing family. However, this is only the opinion of someone who has not seen the struggles he deals with daily. After researching through resources such as The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and other scholarly journals, it is evident that PatRead MoreDr. Doe s Disorder1228 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Doe suffers from undiagnosed bipolar disorder, which results in mood swings with stern thoughts brought on by severe stress. John Doe returns home with his parents after being released from an institution and forced to continue therapy. The assessment will look into John Doe’s disorder through the psychologists six theoretical models. Number one of the theoretical model is the biological model. According to Comer, the biological model looks at the biological processes of human functioning toRead MoreAnalysis : Silver Linings Playbook1181 Words   |  5 PagesCassidy Malchow PSYC 275 Dr. Jones Assessment Summary Paper Film: â€Å"Silver Linings Playbook† Identifying Information Patrick Solitano Jr., better known as Pat, is a white male of about 35 years of age who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and is undergoing treatment. He was released from a mandatory hospitalization in a detention facility after eight months on the premise that he would continue taking medication, attend therapy, and comply with his restraining orders. He was also assigned

Movie Analysis The Movie Anchorman - 1101 Words

The movie Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy is based in the 1970s. It depicts the highly male dominated broadcast team and shows the shake up when a woman is hired as a reporter and has aspirations of becoming an anchor the television station. The particular scene shows Ron Burgundy is flustered because Veronica Coringstone is impeding on his masculinity. Burgundy exemplifies hegemonic masculinity by explaining he is a man and a professional, when Coringstone says he his acting like a baby he takes offense and explains he is a man and he his ultimately better than a women because indeed he is a man. Burgundy states, â€Å"I’m a man who discovered the wheel, and built the Eiffel Tower out of metal and brawn. Thats what kind of man I am.†¦show more content†¦Also, using a mixture of quantities and qualitative data could result in more power for their results in the study. For example, they could interview the boys on why they feel one way or another, and concentrat e on the reasons for their aggressive actions and thought process. Using only qualitative or quantitative data shows only one side of the evidence. The second study centers around women and how their gender stereotypes and negative thoughts can create distress, low self-esteem and ultimately submissiveness. The researchers use the example of women entering a highly dominated male work environment. If she does her best not to think about the gender stereotypes, she will internalize her feelings and it will make her loose her confidence (Borton, Reiner, Vazquez, Ruddiman, Anglin, 2011). The researchers randomly assigned women to face a gender stereotype and try to suppress their feelings while working with a male counterpart (Borton et al., 2011). Then they videotaped the women to view their reactions. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that when women are forced to internalize gender stereotype such as inferiority, they will eventually show physical and verbal distress (Borton et al., 2011). Their method involves 56 collage women ranging from ages 18-22. The student’s incentives for participating in the study invo lved extra credit and a chance to win a hundred dollars (Borton et al., 2011). The researches used the blind study method. After the womenShow MoreRelatedHow the Poem Ozymandias Highlights the Fundamental Issue in the Film Watchmen1255 Words   |  6 Pagesfrailty of mankind in the thread of measureless time. It’s not happenstance that one of the main characters in the movie Watchmen refers to himself as Ozymandias. Adrian Alexander Viedt, the smartest and one of the most powerful individuals on Earth, is a contemporary version of the Egyptian king. Though, Adrian Viedt masterfully averted the looming nuclear war and created his utopia in the movie, his feats are concealed to the public just as Ozymandias’s vast empire has been forgotten in the modern worldRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesmultitude of problems faced by America and his helplessness in coming up with solutions): Photoshopped †¢ Inherent bias/political slants †¢ E.g. Fox news channel headed by Republican supporters often portray Democrats in a negative light. Fox’s anchorman compared the logo of the recent nuclear technology forums, approved by President Obama, with the Muslim crescent, accusing Obama of having Muslim inclinations. The logo, in fact, was a representation of the scientific atom and had nothing to do with

Market Analysis

Question: Write an essay onMarket Analysis. Answer: Introduction A comprehensive business plan will get success if business activities involve in accomplishing specific objective of the business. To engage in the new business, a detailed marketing research needs to be done considering a realistic business plan. In this assignment, a new industry will be launched in the city of Melbourne, Australia. The business is all about a small restaurant, Tasty Food Restaurant and will provide services to the local community of Melbourne. After introducing purpose and scope of the business, the plan will analyzed an in depth situation analysis covering environment analysis, customer analysis, competitors market and others. Furthermore, the researcher will clearly include the target market and proposed marketing strategy to reach the ultimate estimated business goal. However, a realistic budget must be incorporated into this marketing plan to execute it successfully. Although the researcher must include all his/her ideas and activities within the budget becaus e this is a small, new restaurant business proposal which is definitely required some time to flourish in the city of Melbourne. To successfully serve for the local community offering delicious multi-cuisine dishes at their best prices and will become one of the efficient and affordable food destination for the local customers is the main purpose of this plan. Scope of the plan The scope of the business is completely depends on the product and market feasibility researches if there have enough opportunity of food business in the local area of Melbourne. Based on the market research the following attributes are justified that the scope of the plan is quite feasible and realistic. The positive attributes are as follows: As predicted, Melbourne to be the Australias biggest city by 2050 (Krockenberger 2015) Growing population and huge food demand Diverse food habits All the above are the fundamental reasons which increases the scope or opportunity of Tasty food restaurants in the proposed market of Melbourne. Methodology Before starting the restaurant business venture in Melbourne, Testy Food Corner will collect data and information through primary method and secondary method. An extensive online survey process will be followed in the quantitative data collection section of primary research. In this sector the business will collect responses regarding the food habits, choices, preferences of consumers. On the other hand, the qualitative research will be done through analyzing the situation of already exists companies who are engage in the same business line in Melbourne. Furthermore, the researcher will explore the market condition by collecting data through the secondary research. Here the significant data and relevant information will be collected by going through brochures, current observations regarding existing business owners pictures of the other small food business and so on. Situation Analysis The current business scenario must be analyzed before start up the business operation. This is the foundation step of any market research project. By analyzing the internal, external environment related to the proposed business, Tasty food restaurant shall be capable to understand target customers, competitors, and environment and so on. Market Analysis Australias most heavily populated state, Victoria has a population of 5.5 million and its capital, Melbourne, is 4 million peoples city, known for its globalised cosmopolitan culture all over the world (Robertson and Yeoman 2014). The best recognized part is that Melbourne is recognized as the nations capital for business start up. Here the small businesses captured 83 percent of all business market in the city of Melbourne (Boschetti, Fulton and Grigg 2014). Though Tasty Food Restaurant is a small food business, the current food market of Melbourne needs to be analyzed to understand the industry trends, business prospects, trends and so on. Changing social trends is responsible for a strong growth in the Restaurants industry over the previous five years. This food industry is expected to post annualized growth of 6.2 percent in the coming by the end of next financial year, to net 13.1 billion. Busy lifestyle is also one of main reasons of Australian flourishing restaurant industry (Walker and Redmond 2014). This trend of the market is expected to continue in 2016-17 by many market researchers and further predicts high revenue by 2.3 percent during that fiscal year. Company Summary Tasty Food Restaurant is the small business company where multi cuisine food dishes will be available. As per the predicted growth in the worlds population from 7 billion in 2011 to over 9 billion by 2050, the company is looking for to establish their business in the local areas at Melbourne by incorporating different cuisine in their menu lists (Guo et al. 2016). Being a small organization, the company is having low workforce strength. Now the company is mainly concentrating to introduce traditional, Chinese, Sushi, and Continental food dishes to attract local consumers. A high degree of domestic cooking and the takeaway food sector with roast dinners, fish and chips, the Australian meat pie are very popular among Australian cuisine. All this will be incorporated in the list of items although the company is visioning to deliver foods at an affordable price. Product Overview: The USP of the Tasty Food Restaurant would be to make available multiple cuisines under one roof. As per the recent trend, Australians are not often stick in one types of cuisine (Alonso and Krajsic 2014). To changing food demand keeping in mind, many unique dishes will be provided for their target consumers. Meat will be the key component of their dishes because Australian cuisine likes to incorporate this in all their dishes (Shariff et al. 2015). On the other hand, there is a huge demand of organic food dishes in Australia (Chen and Elston 2013) In this way, Tasty Food Restaurant would like to possess haute cuisine and nouvelle cuisine establishments, to offer both local and international foods to satisfy strong multiculturalism of Melbourne. This is because Australian cuisine is largely influenced by French food habits. Environmental Analysis Here the researcher will analyze market by PEST analysis: Political: Political barriers to entry in the Restaurant industry are low (Lucas, Cunningham and Lamberton 2013). This indicates Melbourne may have high rate of entries and exits of food establishments in the industry. It means the new entrants can enter the market at significantly low set up costs by leasing equipments, premises, furniture and fixtures and so on. Furthermore, Australia has commitments under the WTO agreements on tariff and non-tariff duties, subsidies, and local support for agricultural products. Therefore, raw materials can easily be available for Tasty Food Restaurant. Economic: Being free market democracy and an impressive economic progress, the company can ensure entrepreneurial development for the market sustainability (Dyster and Meredith 2012). Due to economic development, high skilled workforce availability is the main driving force for any business development. Specifically, it is favorable for small business market. Social: As the globalised cosmopolitan culture of Melbourne, a variety of food preferences are available in the market (Khan 2014). Furthermore, diminishing leisure time and busier lifestyles of Australians have increasing led consumers to turn to restaurant for meals on regular basis (Fung 2013). Therefore, there is a huge market opportunity for Testy Food Restaurant. Technology: There is a concern of rising costs of raw materials, energy and labor in Australia. For this, improved food processing techniques and food preservation system helps to reduced food preparation time in the restaurant industry. Customer Analysis The company needs to satisfy the customer demands on daily basis (Solomon 2014). According to the recent survey report, dining habits of Melbournians rather Australians have changed, but restaurants are still popular (Ausfoodnews.com.au, 2016). Meat and three veg are Australians most popular meal according to that report. There has been found that chicken has certainly overtaken red meats in popularity where 20 percent people are consumed beef and 31 percent consumers like to prefer eating chicken (Forson and Counihan 2013). Research into credit card spending by American Express in Melbourne indicated that expenditure has come fallen down despite restaurants remain popular among Australians. This is further revealed that 83 percent have noted a fall in customer spend driven hugely by changing habits in the environment of restaurant rather than a drop off in customers ((Lee, Sardeshmukh and Hallak 2015). The market has been slightly saturated because up market establishments in inner city suburbs of Melbourne had noted a drop in frequency of customers. Eating deserts are being avoided by major section of Australian consumers. Furthermore, taking huge amount of beverages are among very popular food habits in Australia. Competitors Analysis There are many of the small restaurants already doing business well in the city of Melbourne. However, the best part about that all are created their own market and they do have own range of customers. No prominent brands are dominating the market so far. So there is a huge maker opportunity for Tasty Food Restaurant in Melbourne. The researcher has found some of the small dining restaurants name like Small Victoria, Small French Bar, ARZ Food Services, The European, Hawk and Hunter, Nora and may others (Wellard, Glasson and Chapman 2012). Therefore, Tasty Food Restaurant needs to compete with all quick service restaurants, bars within the area of Melbourne. Recently, this has been noted that many foreign family chain restaurants started their franchising in different cities of Australia such as USA brands Mac Donald, KFC and so on. These restaurants have significantly greater marketing and operating resources that any locally establishing restaurants. Therefore, this new company nee ds to be a perfect strategy for make it successful in the long run. SWOT Analysis In this section, the internal factors regarding the restaurant business which will directly impacts on Tasty Food Restaurant will be evaluated by extensive SWOT analysis in the below: Strength Melbourne has a large population and diverse cultural people are staying together (Krockenberger 2015). It is favorable for the new food restaurant not just because a huge foods will be consumed by consumers but there people will get an opportunity to experiment other cultures food like Thai, Sushi, Chinese and so on. There are a huge skilled workforce are available in the market of Melbourne due to high population (Bahn and Cameron 2013). Tasty food restaurant also get skilled labors at low costs as well. The local availability of the human resource is the biggest advantage for new entrant companies because the company can reduce their business establishment costs at the end. However, low start up costs is strength of this restaurant business. Legal barrier like tariff or non-tariff charges are low in the Australian Market. These factors are favorable for the company because the company cannot face any long proceedings for getting restaurant license to officially operate within Melbourne. A huge product demands are available in the local area of Tasty food restaurant. Such demands not only for Australian cuisine but they also preferred other international cuisines as well. This would surely become one of the prime strengths for the company. Therefore, the company can generate huge revenue if they do business strategically. Stable Australias economy and huge predicted growth of small restaurant business may definitely a strength of the small dining business. Weaknesses: Low turnout of profit at the initial stage shall definitely be considered as a weakness. Australia is a multicultural nation, thus not many customer will enjoy trying other foods out of their culture. Interior design of the outlets or dining space often looks cheap compare to large restaurants available in the city of Melbourne. In the service industry, customers often complaint about service inconsistency or less food quality or hygiene related issues Less financial strength is the biggest concern for any small size businesses. Tasty Food Restaurant, therefore, needs to make financial plan for effectively. Opportunities Increasing demand for multi cuisine dishes among Australians Changing customer habits may be give added inspiration to food service providers to deliver unique dishes or serving a specific type of ethnic food which definitely not served elsewhere in the area. There is less control over franchisees compare to large restaurants or family food chain restaurants. Employment rate will be higher in the food servicing industry to explore new small restaurant in the market Threat In the city of Melbourne, many small existing restaurant businesses are available. So it would definitely become a challenging part to enter in the same market. Low barrier in the entry level makes this industry more competitive Marketing Objectives The marketing objectives are the elemental for incorporating all efforts and ideas for make a successful business. The marketing objectives of Tasty Food Restaurant are to provide a healthy, unique and delicious dining experience. Secondly, the employees are driven by passion for the food they would serve. To provide highest level of customer service with the help of service promotion and make the nest food available to their target customers is another marketing objective of Tasty Food Restaurant. Thirdly, providing multi cuisine dishes at the best market price is other marketing strategy of the company. Target Market In this section, Tasty Food Restaurant would identify who the target customer is for their restaurant business. Here the company is going to target local youth, professionals, and single people. However the company will not consider high end professional executives as their target consumers because they would definitely prefer to book tables in large restaurant for their lunch or dinner options. Here the Australian youth have take away food habits. Generally they like to eat Non-vegetable food dishes. Sometimes, people love to eat organic food dishes, giving priorities to their health. Target consumers Age group Preferred food cuisines Local youth 20-35 Australian cuisine, Sushi, Chinese Single meddle people 35-47 Organic food dishes Professionals Above 25 Thai, Sushi, Chinese Dishes Proposed Marketing Strategy The unique marketing strategy for any new product of the market is the USP of any new business. In this section, the researcher will go through marketing mix technique for accomplish the marketing objectives of Testy Food Restaurant. Product/Service: Tasty Food Restaurant would be responsible for providing good food dishes for the local communities of Melbourne. Establishing how the product is different compare to other small restaurants dishes must be evaluated. The company will introduce new ethnic dishes to gather most of the customer responses. Depending upon the introductory responses, the company would further offer something new. The dishes would be available for all types of customers. Furthermore, variety of beverage items will also be provided for high professionals or local youth of Melbourne. In the menu, different types of meat items would be the delivered to get maximum food satisfaction from their target customers. Price: The introductory food prices must be lower compare to other small restaurant at Melbourne. This lower price structure will continue for short term period when company may establish their brand recognition in the market. Furthermore, the owner of the business will maintain the flexibility regarding the price structure. For instance, different cuisines obviously will use different ingredients. Therefore, price of the raw material must be varied with one dish to another. However, it will ensure by the authority that the cost of every dish must include the cost of the ambiance and workforce wages; otherwise it would be difficult to generate enough revenue at the end of the month. Here the company shall be required to recruit 2 chefs for their restaurants who have experiences in the multi cuisine food preparation before. Therefore, fund will be allocated for additional human resources as well. Promotion: A unique product promotion strategy will be introduced to generate awareness in the market. Here this small business, products will be promoted by mentioning the USP of the business - lowest food dishes, providing fresh quality food for their consumers, or southing ambiance or friendly dining atmosphere where couples or friends can enjoy their time. All this promotional content will be promoted through advertising in the local newspaper, or printed hand bills and many others. All other options like promotion through social media site or website cannot be feasible because these are all expensive promotional platforms. On the other side, Tasty food restaurant will generate traffic during slow times by offering special promotions, for instance, buy 2 meals get one free before 7 p.m to get consumers at the door will be applied occasionally. Place: Melbourne has been chosen as the best city for business establishment. Currently the Central area of Melbourne will be selected for establishing first outlet of this new company. After getting response, the company will later decide if there will be any possibility to explore this restaurant chain in any other parts. Basically those places will be acceptable where large numbers of gathering can be possible such as beside Cinema Hall or theatre, Stadium or educational institutions. Marketing Budget This is an estimated marketing budget where all costs are included which are incurred during product or service promotion in the market. A projected resource allocation is important for make the business going. In this marketing budget, all marketing related expenses shall be incorporated by the Tasty Food Restaurant. The total expense row sums the individual expenses rows of this restaurant company. On the other hand, the annual expense column sums the months for each row, including the net rows. Marketing Budget Marketing Expense Budget Q-01 2016 Q-02 2016 Q-03 2016 Q-04 2016 2017 2018 Advertising $5,000 $5,250 $5,513 $23,706 $26,077 $28,684 Catalogs $2,000 $3,000 $2,000 $2,000 $11,500 $12,700 Product Distribution $3,000 $5,900 $6,400 $3,400 $19,900 $20,300 Promotions $4,500 $4,300 $4,400 $3,600 $15,600 $15,000 Organised events for publicity $2,300 $2,100 $0 $0 $20,200 $22,000 PR $3,800 $2,399 $4,335 $3,455 $14,344 $13,567 Dining space development and further rennovation $14,000 $0 $0 $0 $3,400 $5,433 Service $2,000 $3,400 $2,100 $1,345 $10,200 $11,400 Staff Training $1,300 $1,500 $1,200 $1,100 $6,900 $7,400 Other $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $12,000 $15,000 Total Sales and Marketing Expenses $38,900 $28,849 $26,948 $39,606 $140,121 $151,484 Conclusion With this marketing plan, Testy Food Restaurant can flourish their food dining business in the city of Melbourne. The company has exploited their limited resources for making this marketing plan an effective one. Being a small organization, the company has been promoted their food business through mouth promotion, hand-bills, television marketing, however, the social media platform or official website promotion are not possible for Tasty Food Restaurant. After the detailed situation analysis, this has been figure out that there is no dominating small restaurant within the Melbourne. The researcher has further revealed that there are huge multi cuisine food demands because the city is full of cosmopolitan culture. However, it will definitely take some time to establish the brand recognition among many others. But the goal can be achieved if Testy Food Restaurant introduces new food dishes frequently as per the customer choices. Here the price structure and soothing dining ambiance will definitely take into special consideration. References: Alonso, A.D. and Krajsic, V., 2014. Cost management and small restaurant businesses: a complex balance and the role of management.International Journal of Revenue Management,8(1), pp.1-19. Ausfoodnews.com.au. (2016).Australian Food News. [online] Available at: https://ausfoodnews.com.au/ [Accessed 21 May 2016]. Bahn, S. and Cameron, R., 2013. Sourcing specialised skilled labour in the global arena: A change in the way we view work in Australia?.Australian Bulletin of Labour,39(1), p.19. Boschetti, F., Fulton, E.A. and Grigg, N.J., 2014. Citizens views of Australias future to 2050.Sustainability,7(1), pp.222-247. Chen, S.C. and Elston, J.A., 2013. Entrepreneurial motives and characteristics: An analysis of small restaurant owners.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, pp.294-305. Dyster, B. and Meredith, D., 2012.Australia in the global economy: continuity and change. Cambridge University Press. Forson, P.W. and Counihan, C., 2013.Taking food public: Redefining foodways in a changing world. Routledge. Fung, A.Y. ed., 2013.Asian popular culture: the global (dis) continuity. Routledge. Guo, Y., Li, S., Li Liu, D., Chen, D., Williams, G. and Tong, S., 2016. Projecting future temperature-related mortality in three largest Australian cities.Environmental pollution,208, pp.66-73. Khan, R., 2014. New Communities, New Attachments: Planning for Diversity in Melbourne's Outer-Suburbs.Journal of Intercultural Studies,35(3), pp.295-309. Krockenberger, M., 2015.Population growth in Australia. Australia Institute. Lee, C., Sardeshmukh, S.R. and Hallak, R., 2015. Innovation as a driver of performance in the Australian restaurant industry. Lucas, T., Cunningham, R. and Lamberton, G., 2013. Small business engagement with sustainability in regional Australia. Robertson, M. and Yeoman, I., 2014. Signals and signposts of the future: Literary festival consumption in 2050.Tourism Recreation Research,39(3), pp.321-342. Shariff, S.N.F.B.A., Omar, M.B., Sulong, S.N.B., Majid, H.A.B.M.A., Ibrahim, H.B.M., Jaafar, Z.B. and Ideris, M.S.K.B., 2015. The Influence of Service Quality and Food Quality Towards Customer Fulfillment and Revisit Intention.Canadian Social Science,11(8), pp.138-144. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Walker, B. and Redmond, J., 2014. Changing the environmental behaviour of small business owners: the business case.Australian Journal of Environmental Education,30(02), pp.254-268. Wellard, L., Glasson, C. and Chapman, K., 2012. Sales of healthy choices at fast food restaurants in Australia.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,23(1), pp.37-41. a

The Link Between Scientific Management and the Human Relations Approach free essay sample

The link between Scientific Management and the Human Relations approach There are inherent tensions in organisations – and they are resolved by the process of management. There are a number of management strategies that can be observed with the passing of time. Two important ones are scientific management and the human relations approach. The first is represented by scientific management or the classical school of management theory. The scientific management approach strove to control people and keep down their costs. It emphasised the need for rationality, clear objectives, the right of managers to manage and adopted work study and similar methods. These led to the reduction of tasks to their basic elements and the grouping of similar elements together to produce low-skilled, low-paid jobs, epitomised by assembly line working with a large measure of interchangeability between workers. Workers tended to be treated relatively impersonally and collectively (management and labour) and the nature of the psychological contract was calculative, with a focus on extrinsic rewards and incentives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Link Between Scientific Management and the Human Relations Approach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such a strategy encouraged a collective response from workers, hence the development of trade unions. While this strategy epitomised the management approach of the first half of the 20th century, it has left its legacy in many management practices, such as organisation and method study, job analysis and description, selection methods, an overriding concern for efficiency and the bottom line, appraisal and performance management. The human relations approach to the tensions in organisations emerged during the middle of the 20th century. It developed in parallel with an increasingly prosperous society in which there were strong trade unions and later a growing acceptance of the rights of individuals to self-fulfilment. Child (1969) identifies its emergence in British management thinking as a response to growing labour tensions. It tempered scientific management by its recognition that people differed from other resources, that if they were treated as clock numbers rather than as human beings they would not be fully effective at work and could even fight back to the point of subverting management intentions. It also recognised the significance of social relations at work – the informal organisation. Managers therefore had to pay attention to the nature of supervision and working in groups and teams. And, to find ways of involving employees through job design, motivation and a democratic, consultative or particpative style of management. The nature of the psychological contract was co-operative. Adapted from Beardwell, Claydon and Holden (2004: 81-82)

Economic Crashes and Booms in the 20th Century

Economic Crashes and Booms in the 20th Century Free Online Research Papers The history in the 20th century was overwhelmingly economic. The advances of technology, productivity, and organizations along with the material wealth of human mankind expanded beyond all previous imagining. Although the economic forces were still developing; the early 20th century was still very incompetant. Little was known or learned about how to manage a market. Kenneth Galbraiths analytical text entitled 1929:The Great Crash, effectively demonstrates the validity of his thesis that a frightening prelude to the stock market crash of many years ago was ignorance complimented by complete societal unexpectedness. With impeccable consistency, the author asserts that the summer just before October 1929s economically devastating crash was one marked by both a superficial affluency and an unwarranted optimism. According to Galbraith, even many of the financially-intelligent could not see it coming. In speaking of the Federal Reserve Systems weekly returns from 1929, he writes,Each Friday this report showed a large increase in loans; each Friday it was firmly stated that it didnt mean a thing, and anyone who suggested otherwise was administered a stern rebuke. (P. 68). With such comments, the book effectively begins to paint a picture of a society who may have had at least some reason to fear for their economic health, and yet who continued to adamantly ignore any potential warning signs. Elaborating the lack of relevant economic awareness that 1929s society exhibited, Galbraith uses an entire section of one particular chapter to illustrate a semi-cycle in which during the preceding summer, analysts were extremely optimistic about the economic outlook and then by September, there approached a turning point in which there was finally some concern. By the end of the month, however, when there was no disruption in economic productivity, those who warned of forthcoming difficulties, withdrew their theories that expectedand no one would dare predict such an economic failurethe stock market did indeed crash. Of course, it must be noted that there was not so much a failure to foresee the great crash of 1929 as there was a failure to listen to those who did predict its possible arrival. One example cited on page 72, was that of Paul M. Warmburg of the International Acceptance Bank who urged for a tighter Federal Reserve Policy with the warning that current conditions were inevitably aimed at instigating a collapse. Most notably, Warmburg is quoted as having said,It would bring about a general depression involving the entire country. Clearly, such representations are indicative of the fact that October 1929s crash was not a complete economic surprise to all. So why then was the general population and even the majority of the financially educated so markedly convinced that there was nothing to worry about ? According to what can be both directly interpreted and casually inferred from the book, the relevant media played a large role. Well-reputed journalists were going so far as to accept large sums of money to write favorably about the stock market. The Daily News and other widely-read papers whose opinions were respected by the public, consistently told stories of the nations undying affluency and promising future. With so little common media educating the public about reality, American society had no choice but to wholeheartedly believe that the nation was and would continue to be prosperous with the stock market as a chief ingredient for success. From a philosophical perspective, Kenneth Galbraith writes on page 75 that, Between human beings there is a type of intercourse which proceeds not from knowledge, or even from lack of knowledge, but from failure to know what isnt known. Hence, the inherent realities of the books thesis concerning true definitive ignorance can be seen in one sentence. Galbraith would probably assert even further that it is our societal responsibility to learn that which can not be learned from others, and then to teach others. In other words, we must constantly create new knowledge based upon our own individual analytical capabilites. Therefore, it should have been up to society to analyze, learn about and better predict the Great Crash. But it is that communicative failure between those who know and those who think that they know, that causes catastrophes such as these. With particular reference to the books preface, Galbraith is not shy to illustrate how frighteningly ignorant we were just eight years ago as well. This is accomplished by citing the similarities between 1929 and the crash of the late 1980s. As weeks passed after the more recent stock market crash, an alarming likeliness became apparent. In the first six months after each crash, the Dow Jones industrial average followed nearly identical paths, recovering much lost ground. And in April 1930, economists and businessmen were speaking optimistically about the economy, just as they were in 1988, after the last crash. But in late April 1930, stock prices started to decline, and they fell without interruption for two years, leading to the Great Depression. The factors that brought on the depression do not exist in the same manner today. But yet at points, Galbraith seems to warn that the nations current economic difficulties such as the budget and trade deficits, the worldwide industrial competition, trade issues, and the huge pileup of corporate and Third World debt, could still bring on yet another a recession. What happened on October 19th of 1987 is vivid enough so that the crash has become a symbol that means, basically, dont be too sure and lets watch out. And in fact, it is important to realize that for these reasons- Galbraiths book was re-printed. In analyzing and re-interpreting his thesis, it is indeed most helpful to realize that this book was originally written well-before the crash of the 80s, and therefore its inherent goals for informative productivity can not be directly related. But to watch out and to not be too sure, seems to be an integral value that the author wishes to instill in his readers. The decline from 1929-32, they say, came about largely as a result of the Great Depression, marked by widespread bank failures, a falling money supply, rising trade wars and other woes. I believe that a recurrence of such events is really quite improbably in our contemporary economy due safeguards like federal insurance on our bank deposits, Social Security, and farm price support. Part of Galbraiths 207 page-long lecture seems to revolve around the fact that the government now has overall responsibility for coming to the support of the economy, which it did not then. But then again, my rationale that a re-occurrence is unlikely seems so frighteningly similar to those which counter-predicted the Great Crash of 1929. In fact, if I learned anything from Galbraiths book, I should be exceptionally weary of any overly-optimistic or confident predictions concerning the economy. Although unfortunate, it is now apparent to me that economics can not be discussed without scrutinizing every possible disaster and accepting them as a potential reality. And in fact, the recent crash blatantly ended a certain speculative fever that rapidly augmented prices until 1990. According to a book review and commentary, in the months before October 19th in the 80s crash, Galbraith, had reportedly warned that speculation was creating a rise in stock prices and the inevitable outcome of speculation was to be a crash. Hence, we again see the sound assertion that pessimism is more important that optimism when analyzing the stock market from a macroeconomic perspective. Bibliography Galbraith, John Kenneth. 1929:The Great Crash. Boston :Houghton Mifflin Co, printed in 1997. Economist/Author Speaks on Crash. San Jose Mercury News. April 17th, 1988; P. 1E. *Internet Obtained (Via America On-Line) The Cato Journal/ vol.16 No.2 â€Å"The Growth of the Federal Government in the 1920’s†. Research Papers on Economic Crashes and Booms in the 20th CenturyAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Role of assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role of assessment - Essay Example Medical practitioners use this type of information for purposes of making a decision on the type of diagnosis and treatment to give a patient (Jarvis, 2012). This information is further used for purposes of understanding the nature of ailments a client is vulnerable to, and the control measures to develop (American Nurses Association, 2010). This is for purposes of knowing the best approach to treat the patient, and the best approach to use in protecting the patient from acquiring the ailments that they are vulnerable to. Furthermore, assessments give nurses the capability of prioritizing the clinical care of their patients. Nurses will know which areas he or she should concentrate on, while providing nursing care to their patients (Simmons, 2010). It is a requirement that nurses should acquire skills on how to identify important health care issues that should receive some priority. Use of assessments will achieve such kind of an objective. Partial assessment of a patient plays a role in identifying whether a patient recovers or not (Jarvis, 2012). This is very useful when dealing with patients suffering from cardiac diseases and respiratory infections. Carrying out assessments is therefore an important process in the medical field. They help help in improving the health of patients, and preventing diseases. This is because it guides practitioners on the most efficient disease control

How does Generation Gap affect the society in the United States Term Paper

How does Generation Gap affect the society in the United States - Term Paper Example Isolation of the younger generation from societal activities is a major impact of the generational gap in the U.S. the current century has changed the ideologies of the young and the youth unlike in the previous centuries. Technology advancements, research, and personal autonomy differentiate the ideals and methods of the young from the old (Gardner et al, 2008). The adult take upon this disparity to self-impose habits and practices to the young. Due to the gap created, the young feel compelled to rebel against the old that do not understand. This consequentially has led to isolation and other psychological disorders that leave the young prone to societal ills such as crimes, suicide and engagement in drugs. The existence of a generational gap in the American society has led to the over-reliance of the old in important institutional positions in the societal set up. The older generation tends to be inclined to the ideologies of the young, while the former think they are always right in any capacity thinking. Political positions, important religious and educational positions are allocated to older people. Incidences of allocating the young with such positions to sharp their experience in societal responsibility are shunned away with the notion that they cannot get things done accordingly. In the event of providing the young with opportunities, the older generation individuals marginalize. The youth in the American society had been set back from the older generation from their fear of disappointment. Until recently, the youth are now compelled by the current contemporary times to come out of the older generations’ ‘shadows’ (Connerney, 2009). The young people are curre ntly inventing influential positions in the society, thereby creating positions for the older generation to. An example is Mark Zuckerberg, the C.E.O of

Difference Between Traditional File Systems Information Technology Essay

Difference Between Traditional File Systems Information Technology Essay Wikipedia, The traditional filing system is a method of storing and arranging computer files and the information in the file. Basically it organizes these files into a database for the storage, organization, manipulation, and retrieval by the computers operating system. For this method, a file name is assigned to a file in order to secure storage location in the computer memory or data storage devices such as hard disks or CD-ROMs are used to maintain the physical location of the files. By this file name a file can be further accessed. Whether the file system has an underlying storage device or not, file systems typically have directories which associate file names with files, usually by connecting the file name to an index in a file allocation table. A new concept for file management is the concept of a database-based file system. Files are identified by their characteristics, like type of file, topic, author, etc (DBMS) consists of software that operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. This system can be categorized according to the database model and the type of computer that they support such as a server cluster or a mobile phone, the query language(s) that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover more than one entry in these categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages. Meanwhile database management systems are usually accessed in a client-server manner, where the database client and the server are located on different machines (in a local area network). Both systems deal with information management. File-based System File-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. File-based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users, such as updating, insertion, deletion adding new files to database etc. Each program defines and manages its data. When a computer user wants to store data electronically they must do so by placing data in files. Files are stored in specific locations on the hard disk (directories). The user can create new files to place data in, delete a file that contains data, rename the file, etc which is known as file management; a function provided by the Operating System (OS). Advantages of traditional file based system Disadvantages of traditional file based system No need of external storage Provides less security. No need of a highly technical person to handle the database. Redundancy is more. Processing speed is high as compared to DBMS Less integrity. High complexity in updating of database. Table 1.1.1 Database Management System The improvement of the File-Based System (FBS) was the Database Management System (DBMS) which came up in the 60s. The Database Management System removed the trouble of manually locating data, and having to go through it. The user could create a suitable structure for the data beforehand, to place the information in the database that the DBMS is managing. Hence, the physical organizing of files is done away with and provides the user with a logical view of the data input. A database is a collection of interrelated information stored in a database server; these data will be stored in the form of tables. The primary aim of database is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information fast and in an efficient manner. Advantages Control of data redundancy Although the database approach does not remove redundancy completely, it controls the amount of redundancy in the database. Data consistency By removing or controlling redundancy, the database approach reduces the risk of inconsistencies occurring. It ensures all copies of the idea are kept consistent. More information from the same amount of data With the amalgamation of the operated data, it is possible to derive additional information for the same data. Sharing of data Database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. Improved data integrity Database integrity provides the validity and consistency of stored data. Integrity is usually expressed in terms of constraints, which are consistency rules that the database is not permitted to violate. Improved security Provides protection of data from unauthorized users. It will require user names and passwords to identify user type and their access right in the operation including retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion. Enforcement of standards The integration of the database enforces the necessary standards including data formats, naming conventions, documentation standards, update procedures and access rules. Economy of scale Cost savings can be obtained by combining all organizations operational data into one database with applications to work on one source of data. Balance of conflicting requirements By having a structural design in the database, the conflicts between users or departments can be resolved. Decisions will be based on the base use of resources for the organization as a whole rather than for an individual person. Improved data accessibility and responsiveness By having integration in the database approach, data accessing can cross departmental boundaries. This feature provides more functionality and better services to the users. Increased productivity The database approach provides all the low-level file-handling routines. The provision of these functions allow the programmer to concentrate more on the specific functionality required by the users. The fourth-generation environment provided by the database can simplify the database application development. Improved maintenance Provides data independence. As a change of data structure in the database will affect the application program, it simplifies database application maintenance. Increased concurrency Database can manage concurrent data access effectively. It ensures no interference between users that would not result any loss of information or loss of integrity. Improved backing and recovery services Modern database management system provides facilities to minimize the amount of processing that can be lost following a failure by using the transaction approach. Disadvantages Complexity A difficult software. All users must be familiar with its functionality and take full advantage of it. Therefore, training for the administrators, designers and users is required. Size Uses a substantial amount of main memory as well as large amount of disk space in order to make it run efficiently. Cost of DBMS A multi-user database management system may be very expensive. Even after the installation, there is a high regular annual maintenance cost on the software. Cost of conversion When moving from a file-base system to a database system, the company is required to have additional expenses on hardware acquisition and training cost. Performance As the database approach is to cater for many applications rather than exclusively for a particular one, some applications may not run as fast as before. Higher impact of a failure Increases the vulnerability of the system due to the centralization. As all users and applications reply on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the customer seriously. The difference between TFS and DBMS Balajee B. (2005), There are number of characteristics that differ from traditional file management system to database management system. In file system approach, each user implements the required files for a specific application to run. (Example: in a sales department of an enterprise, one user will be maintaining the details of the number of sales personnel in that department and their grades. These details will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Another user will maintain the salary details of these sales personnel and the detailed salary report will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Although both of the users need the data of the salespersons, they will be having their details in separate files and they need different programs to operate their files.) When such data is isolated in separate files, it is difficult to access data that should be available for both users. This will lead to wastage of space and redundancy or replication of data, which may lead to c onfusion, as sharing of data among various users is not possible and data inconsistency may occur. These files will not be having any inter-relationship among the data stored in these files. Therefore in traditional file processing every user will be defining their own constraints and implement the files according to their needs. In database approach, a single store of data is maintained that is defined once and then accessed by many users, as database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. The essential characteristic of database approach is that the database system not only contains data but it contains complete definition or description of the database structure and control. These definitions are stored in a system catalog, which contains the information about the structure and definitions of the database. The information stored in the catalog is called the metadata, it describes the primary database. Hence this approach will work on any type of database for example, insurance database, Airlines, banking database, Finance details, and Enterprise information database. But in traditional file processing system the application is developed for a specific purpose and they will access specific database only. But the processing speed in TFS is high compared to DBMS. The other main characteristic of the database is that it will allow multiple users to access the database at the same time and sharing of data is possible. The database must include concurrency control software to ensure that several users trying to update the same data at the same time, it should maintain in a controlled manner. In file system approach many programmers will be creating files over a long period and various files have different format, in various application languages, where duplication of data can occur. This redundancy in storing same data multiple times leads to higher costs and wastage of space. This may result in data inconsistency in the application; this is because update is done to some of the files only and not all of the files. Moreover in database approach multiple views can be created; External view User/Application view, Conceptual view Logical view, Internal view Details about the structure of data and physical storage of information. View is a tailored representation of information contained in one or more tables. View is also called as Virtual table because view does not contain physically stored records and will not occupy any space. A multi-user database whose users have variety of applications must provide facilities for defining multiple views. In traditional file system, if any changes are made to the structure of the files it will affect all the programs. Therefore, changes to the structure of a file will require to change all programs that access the file and whereby data dependence will be lost. But in the case of database approach the structure of the database is stored separately in the system catalog from the access of the application programs. This property is known as program-data independence. Database can also be used for continuous storage for program objects and data structures that resulted in object oriented database approach. Traditional systems suffered from impedance mismatch problem and difficulty in accessing the data, which is avoided in object oriented database system. Database can be used to represent complex relationships among data as well as to retrieve and update related data easily and efficiently. Hence DBMS does not automatically remove redundancies, but help to control redundancy. It is possible to define and enforce integrity constraints for the data stored in the database. The database also provides facilities for recovering hardware and software failures, as it has automatic and intelligent backup and recovery procedures. It reduces the application development time considerably when compared to the file system approach and availability of up-to-date information of all the users. It also provides security to the data stored in the database system and maintains integrity. A highly technical person will be required to handle the database, while for TFS, it is not so. File-based systems are very dependent upon the application programmer. Any required queries or reports have to be written by the application programmer. Normally, a fixed format query or report can only be entertained and no facility for ad-hoc queries if offered. DBMS has data independence. The way information is stored and the way information issued is independent of each other. File-based systems also give tremendous pressure on data processing staff, with users complaints on programs that are inadequate or inefficient in meeting their demands. Documentation may be limited and maintenance of the system is difficult. Provision for security, integrity and recovery capability is very limited. Whereas, DBMS has control over security as it provides tools such as use of User Code, Password / Privileges and Roles to ensure security of data. Data, Field, Record, and File are the main components of Database environment. Briefly explain those. Data Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), Distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can exist in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Strictly speaking, data is the plural of datum, a single piece of information. In practice, however, people use data as both the singular and plural form of the word. The term data is often used to distinguish binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information. For example, some applications make a distinction between data files (files that contain binary data) and text files (files that contain ASCII data). In database management systems, data files are the files that store the database information, whereas other files, such as index files and data dictionaries, store adminis trative information, known as metadata. Field Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), A space allocated for a particular item of information. A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields: one for your name, one for your Social Security number, one for your income, and so on. In database systems, fields are the smallest units of information you can access. In spreadsheets, fields are called cells. Most fields have certain attributes associated with them. For example, some fields are numeric whereas others are textual; some are long, while others are short. In addition, every field has a name, called the field name. In database management systems, a field can be required, optional, or calculated. A required field is one in which you must enter data, while an optional field is one you may leave blank. A calculated field is one whose value is derived from some formula involving other fields. You do not enter data into a calculated field; the system automatically determines the correct value. A collection of fields is called a record. Record Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. In relational database management systems, records are called tuples. Some programming languages allow you to define a special data structure called a record. Generally, a record is a combination of other data objects. For example, a record might contain three integers, a floating-point number, and a character string. In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. Figure 1.2.1 Source Author Anon., File Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many different types of files: data files, text files, program files, directory files, and so on. Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text. What is the Importance of DBMS in a Defense Organization and in an Education Department? Defence Organization Benjamin (n.d.), A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of the database with computers of an organization and its end users. It allows organizations to place control of organization-wide database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. As organizations develop with time, their adoption to the latest technologies in the computer field becomes a necessity. A Defence organization is no different. In these turbulent times, when national security is more important, providing all Defence personnel with access to the latest technology and education opportunities not only directly contributes to Defence capability but also improve the defence personnels career development. Hence the importance of a DBMS in such an organization like Defence is vital. Because Database administrators could use this system to configure and operate databases as the software provides high level, privileged database access. But the management should restrict use of this software to authorized personnel. One function of the database administrator is to create particular views of information stored in the database that are unique for each type of user. For example, one officer will have a different view of information in the database than another, say Senior officer. The different user groups will also have different abilities to add, modify, or delete information. The database administrator is responsible for providing users with access to the appropriate level of information. The primary risk associated with database administration is that an administrator can alter sensitive data without those modifications being detected. A secondary risk is that an administrator can change access rights to information stored within the database as well as their own access rights. Database security is the last line of defence. So it deserves greater focus on the protection of private data from both internal and external. The sensitivity and classification of the information stored in the database form the basis for establishing controls. A database that stores confidential information may require a more significant control environment than a database that stores non-sensitive information. Management should consider the security and performance implications of the security options available with modern database management systems. Database security professionals and information security and risk management professionals could adopt a security strategy in DBMS to: 1) Align database security policies with information security policies; 2) Ensure well-defined and formalized database security procedures; 3) Enforce role separation; and 4) Apply advanced security measures such as database auditing, monitoring, database encryption, data masking, and vulnerability assessment to all critical databases that store private data. The DBMS can provide long-term benefits for the Defence organization reducing duplication of data and making it easier for HR to update personnel records. If not for DBMS, each time there was a personnel change, trainers would have to go through their entire content to make the necessary changes. Now, replacing Brigadier Xs picture in the content library with Commodore Ys picture can be automatically replicated through all relevant programs. Thereby reduce its expenditure on storage. But, initial training will be required for all programmers and users. Even though database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design, there is greater data integrity and independence from applications programs and Education Department Sue Bushell (2004), To improve teaching and learning with the help of modern information and communication technology eLearning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results. E-learning comprises all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching. The Information and communication systems, whether networked or not, serve as specific media to implement the learning process. E-learning services have evolved since computers were first used in education. There is a trend to move towards blended learning services, where computer-based activities are integrated with practical or classroom-based situations. E-learning is essentially the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio The definition of e-learning varies depending on the organization and how it is used but basically it involves electronic means of communication, education, and training. Regardless of the definition you chose to use, designers, developers, and implementers make or break the instructional courses and tools. E-learning is simply a medium for delivering learning and like any other medium, it has its advantages and disadvantages. E-learning covers a wide array of activities from supported learning, to blended or hybrid learning (the combination of traditional and e-learning practices), to learning that occurs 100% online. As per wikipedia.org, the worldwide e-learning industry is estimated to be worth over $48 billion US according to conservative estimates. Developments in internet and multimedia technologies are the basic enabler of e-learning, with consulting, content, technologies, services and support being identified as the five key sectors of the e-learning industry. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. E-Learning pioneer Bernard Luskin argues that the E must be understood to have broad meaning if e-learning is to be effective. Luskin says that the e should be interpreted to mean exciting, energetic, enthusiastic, emotional, extended, excellent, and educational in addition to electronic that is a traditional national interpretation. This broader interpretation allows for 21st century applications and brings learning and media psychology into the equation. E-Learning can also refer to educational web sites such as those offering learning scenarios, worksheets and interactive exercises for children. The term is also used extensively in the business sector where it generally refers to cost-effective online training There are many advantages to online and computer-based learning when compared to traditional face-to-face courses and lectures. There are a few disadvantages as well. Advantages of eLearning (Anon., n.d) E-learning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results. Cost effective E-learning is more cost effective than traditional learning because less time and money is spent traveling. Since e-learning can be done in any geographic location and there are no travel expenses, this type of learning is much less costly than doing learning at a traditional institute.   Flexibility Flexibility is a major benefit of e-learning. E-learning has the advantage of taking class anytime anywhere. Education is available when and where it is needed. E-learning can be done at the office, at home, on the road, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week.   Learners  like e-learning because it accommodates different types of learning styles.  They have the advantage of learning at their own pace. Students can also learn through a variety of activities that apply to many different learning styles. Learners can fit e-learning into their busy schedule. If they hold a job, they can participate in eLearning right at their desk. If the learner needs to do the learning at night, then this option is available while in their pajamas and do the learning if they desire.   Personalized learning E-learning encourages students to peruse through information by using hyperlinks and sites on the worldwide Web.  Learners are able to find information relevant to their personal situations and interest. E-learning allows selection of  learning materials that meet their level of knowledge, interest and what they need to know to perform more effectively in an activity.   E-learning is more focused on the learner and it is more interesting for the learner because it is information that they want to learn. E-learning is flexible and can be customized to meet the individual needs of the learners. Develops knowledge E-learning helps develop knowledge of the Internet. This knowledge will help learners throughout their careers. E-learning encourages students to take personal responsibility for their own learning. When learners succeed, it builds self-knowledge and self-confidence Disadvantages of eLearning Access One disadvantage of eLearning is that learners need to have access to a computer as well as the Internet. They also need to have computer skills with programs such as word processing, Internet browsers, and e-mail. Without these skills and software it is not possible for the  learner to succeed in eLearning.   E-learners need to be very comfortable using a computer. Slow Internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials difficult. This may cause the learners to get frustrated and give up.   Software and files Another disadvantage of e-learning is managing computer files, software comfortability and learning new software, including e-learning. For learners with beginner-level computer skills it can sometimes seem complex to keep their computer files organized.  The lesson points you to download a file which the learner does and later cannot find the file. The file is downloaded to the folder the computer automatically opens to rather than a folder  chosen by the learner. This file may be lost or misplaced to the learner without good computer organizational skills. High motivation E-learning also requires time to complete especially those with assignments and interactive collaborations. This means that students have to be highly motivated and responsible because all the work they do is on their own. Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may not complete modules and may fall behind Isolation Another disadvantage of e-learning is that students may feel isolated and unsupported while learning. Instructions are not always available to help the learner so learners need to have discipline to work independently without assistance. E-learners may also become bored with no interaction with instructors or classmates.   Without the routine structures of a traditional class, students may get lost or confused about course activities and deadlines. Instructor may not always be available when students are studying or need help Conclusion Today many technologies can be, and are, used in e-learning, from blogs to collaborative software, E-Portfolios, and virtual classrooms. Most e-learning situations use combinations of these techniques. Even though the hardware and software start-up are costly, the advantages are; reduced data redundancy, reducing updating errors and increased consistency, greater data integrity and independence from applications programs, improved data access to users through use of host and query languages, improved data security and availability of facilitated development of new application programs and ability for intensive research are the benefits of DBMS. Task 2 Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model which describes the content and structure of the data held by the Medi Check Hospital. Produce the resulting tables of above Medi Check Hospital and clearly indicating the primary and foreign keys. Data Tables Doctor DoctorID (primary) Lname Fname Address Phone Pager Specialty Location Availability Patient PatientNo (primary) PatientFirstName PatientLastName PatientAddress PatientTelNo PatientDob PatientMaritalStatus PatientDateRegistered Appointment AppointmentNo (primary) PatientName Date/Time PatientTelNo Symptom SymptomCode (primary), SymptomName Description Treatment TreatmentTitle (primary) TreatmentType Duration Status TreatmentCost Medication MedicationNo (primary) MedicationType SideEffect Dosage Frequency Severity MedicationBrandName MedicationManufactureName MedicationManufactureAddress MedicationManufactureTel Normalize these tables to ensure that are all in BCNF. Show the steps you have taken in normalizing the tables. UNF Medication (DoctorID, Lname, Fname, Address, Phone, Pager, Specialty, Location, Availability, PatientNo, PatientFirstName, PatientLastName, PatientAddress, PatientTelNo, PatientDob, PatientMaritalStatus, PatientDateRegistered, AppoinmentNo, PatientName, Date/Time, PatientTelNo, SymptomCode, SymptomName, Description, TreatmentTitle, TreatmentTyp